In a message dated 3/21/99 8:21:40 AM Pacific Standard Time, foxpiano@juno.com writes: > Annealing is merely the creating of a stress free condition > at the molecular level in a substance. The opposite is tempering. > Tempering is done by heating the subject material and purposely > introducing stress by cooling the material quickly. Hi, Dale, I'll go with you on annealing, which puts a metal in its softest, most workable state, but my understanding is that what you have described as "tempering" is actually "hardening", which freezes the metal in a certain crystalline state with almost opposite properties from annealing. Tempering is re-heating the hardened metal part way to relieve certain stresses and re- introduce certain desirable properties of workability and flexibility, with the temperature carefully chosen for the requisite properties. Same disclaimer applies, I'm not a metallurgist, but there's bound to be one out there who will jump in..... Bob Davis
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