I think the most common error in piano manufacturing is the inevitable notion that if more is good, then a whole lot more must be even better. Conversely, if lower RH is good, even lower must be better. 4% RH in soundboard work seems like too little to me. Some factories insist on nothing less than 6%. Others insist on no more than 5%. This may seem like splitting hairs, but it is critical. It has been argued that the exact species must be factored in, some requiring more and others less RH. Ultimately it comes down to each individual factory's experience with their particular material and methods, and the extent to which they experiment and measure the results of multiple variables. I have insufficient knowledge or experience to back this up, but it has been suggested to me that Sitka spruce requires a lower RH, while Eastern Canadian spruce require a slightly higher RH. I cannot speak to the best RH levels for European, Russian, or Chinese species, but certainly more study of these species is need. Like it or not, more and more pianos are being built with materials from these regions. Frank Emerson
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