[pianotech] Repairing Bridge

William Truitt surfdog at metrocast.net
Wed Jun 3 04:18:45 MDT 2009


Hi David:

 

I am very aware of the isssues you bring up.  I've been rebuilding for 35
years, and every teardown of a new piano in the shop tells the tale of what
they did well in the factory and what they did badly, who drank their lunch
on Friday, etc..  But ME? make a mistake, that's NEVER happened...  J

You must be talking about setting note 88's speaking length exactly to
Steinway's factory standard, right?  J  I'm sure I could keep it within
their spec...

 

Actually, I already have the scale.  I took all the speaking lengths, wire
diameters, back scale lengths, etc. etc. at teardown, as I had Jude Reveley
calculate the rib scale, loading and deflection, and so on for this new
board.  I don't intend to change much in the plain wire; the bass will be
rescaled along the lines discussed in the Steinway A thread on the forum.  

 

This being only my second board, I live with a healthy and ongoing paranoia
about the mistakes I can make at every step, and I will take great pains to
put the plate back where it was (and yes, the factory position on this one
is fine).

 

I appreciate your further elucidation.

 

Will

 

 

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of David Love
Sent: Tuesday, June 02, 2009 11:38 PM
To: pianotech at ptg.org
Subject: Re: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

Consider having someone reexamine the scale before you lay it out if you
can't or don't want to do this yourself.  One of the reasons to lay it out
from scratch is that when you make a template of the existing bridge the
final layout is too far removed from the original and small mistakes can be
compounded.  Each stage has the possibility for mistakes:  first the
original scale is laid out by someone in the factory; second the scale is
copied by you;  third it's placed on the new bridge cap; fourth the pattern
is actually transferred.  If a one mm mistake is made at each step the
tensions can be quite dramatically off and the tone can really suffer in
some sections--especially at the upper end.  

 

Also, since we don't really know exactly what was intended out of the
factory (they range quite a bit at note 88 you may notice when you examine
lots of similar models) it's better to recalculate and lay it out fresh with
a particular scale idea in mind.   A couple of  mm's down in the tenor
doesn't make much difference but in the capo section it does.  

 

As I mentioned, the pattern can be useful for alignment and spacing (though
not always) and is worth making as an insurance policy.  

 

David Love

www.davidlovepianos.com

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of William Truitt
Sent: Tuesday, June 02, 2009 5:17 PM
To: pianotech at ptg.org
Subject: Re: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

And I am contemplating doing what you do for the first time on my present
Steinway project.  In the past, I have simply gone from the pattern of clear
mylar and an awl to punch the markings for the bridge pins.  I have made a
pattern for the present piano, and will use it to help me reference the
questionable notes.  

 

I have had  a set of the Mazzaglia punches for a number of years, and they
are very nice indeed. 

 

Much thanks for the additional info.

 

Will

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of David Love
Sent: Tuesday, June 02, 2009 7:10 PM
To: pianotech at ptg.org
Subject: Re: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

I do the same thing with the trichords in that case the line drawn
represents the middle string.  Check the spacing carefully in the high
treble as the notes can get very close up there.  Take lots of pictures of
the bridge near the struts before teardown so you have a reference near the
struts.  On many pianos where the struts flair a lot the strings can travel
under the strut a bit.  You just need to be sure that on those notes
adjacent to the bridge you don't run into a problem with damper clearance
from the strut.  A small deviation is not likely to cause trouble  with side
bearing.  I have not had to make a new damper guide rail (though I have for
different reasons) or put new wire on the damper heads laying out a new
bridge though making a new guide rail is not difficult if you need to.  When
adding a transition bridge I have had to plug a few holes at the end of the
tenor bridge and relocate them slightly.  Not hard.  The dampers, recall are
relatively much nearer to the agraffes and capo than the bridge through most
of the  piano so a small change at the bridge is not likely to reposition
the string that much at the dampers.  Still, you want to look at the long
bridge carefully before teardown to see if there are any anomalous places.
Run a string if in doubt and make lots of notes.  

 

I don't know how complete my list is, I'm sure I forgot some things but that
was as quick an outline as I could come up with on short notice.  At this
point I always lay out the bridge from scratch on all recapping projects.  I
do try and remove the old cap in one piece for a reference and that's a good
idea in general.  

 

David Love

www.davidlovepianos.com

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of William Truitt
Sent: Tuesday, June 02, 2009 3:15 PM
To: pianotech at ptg.org
Subject: Re: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

Hi David:  

 

Thanks for the great detail with which you have laid out bridge pin holes
without using a pattern.  

 

How do you vary this when laying out the trichords on the treble bridge?
And how do you accommodate those notes in the treble where the position the
bridge pins cannot follow a straight line from agraffe to hitch pin (most
typically adjacent to the struts at the breaks)?  

 

Do you find that you need to either make a new damper guide rail and/or put
new wire on the damper heads when you use this methodology, since the
position of at least some of the notes will vary from a carefully located
pattern?

 

Will Truitt

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of David Love
Sent: Monday, June 01, 2009 1:44 AM
To: pianotech at ptg.org
Subject: Re: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

The problem is that if you don't understand what it is you are trying to
accomplish with placing bridge pin holes and spacings you can end up making
a bad copy of possibly a bad layout to begin with.  I see a lot of bad
bridge layouts mostly from trying to make copies of old bridge pin
placements and then just missing by a millimeter or two front or rear and
ending up with either way to much side bearing or none at all.  Layout it
out from scratch isn't difficult.  You can mess up making a pattern just as
easy as you can mess up doing it from scratch.  For those not familiar with
the process it goes something like this:

1.        Choose a reference hole on the agraffe, right or left it doesn't
matter, I use the treble side hole.  Stretch a string through your reference
hole an pull it tight toward its hitch pin.

2.       Where the string crosses the bridge draw a line along side of it
(heavy fishing line works fine).  That's your reference line for that note.
Go to the next note (not unison) one and do the same until you have all the
lines drawn for each note

3.       Check the spacing to see that it's equal between the lines.
Remember that there's another line to go next to it for the other bichord
and notice that the spacing between where the bichords and the monochords
begin will be a bit different.

4.       Measure the spacing between (right to left not front to back yet)
the old set of bichord holes.

5.       Using a clear ruler draw a line parallel to the first one you drew
for the other string in the bichord pair. 

6.       Visually check the spacing again and correct if necessary.   Look
at the old bridge cap and see if it roughly matches the spacing there.

7.       Measure the front to back spacing on the original and duplicate it
roughly or just use 18 mm.  Drawing a line connecting the bichord lines
(looks kind of like a tic-tac-toe diagram now except for the monochords).
Center the front to back spacing on the bridge body. Check it visually.

8.       Where those line cross each other is where the bridge pins will go
angled appropriately.  One note of caution before you set the holes, be sure
that there isn't a set of adjacent strings where the front holes of one note
will be exactly adjacent to the rear holes of the adjacent note such that
the opposite leaning bridge pins will hit each other.  If there are some of
those then adjust your rear spacing to accommodate. 

9.       Using sharp punch or an awl  punch small starter holes for the
drill to use as a guide.  They should by punched exactly on the line
representing the string line.  You don't need to offset them, the diameter
of the bridge pins will do that for you.

10.   Drill the holes at 20 degrees.

11.   Notch or bevel the bridge as you choose.

12.   Coat bridge and notches with clear sealer.

13.   When the sealer is dry lightly sand bridge top to smooth out sealer
with 400 paper.

14.   Insert bridge pins (I use #9 pins in the bass section)

15.   Put a single drop of thin CA clue where the pin meets the bridge to
seal and tighten the pin.

16.   Shoot bridge top (and sides) with a few light coats of clear lacquer.
Use an aerosol delivery with a fine mist.  You don't want a super heavy
coat.  Three light applications will do.

17.   String her up and you're off to the races.  

 

Note:  You can skip step 5 if you have one of those two hole set punches
from Mazzaglia  (if you don't and do bridges they have a lot of excellent
tools just for this purpose www.geocities.com/mazzaglia_tools) that give you
the spacing  without having to draw in the second line although the first
time it's probably not a bad idea to draw the line in just so you can
visualize the front to back spacing and make sure it's centered on the
bridge.  Remember that on a curved bridge if you center the left hand
string, the right one won't be centered.  The trick is as you look down on
top of a bichord with four bridge pins, you want to compare the distance to
the bridge edge between the top left bridge pin and the bottom right one or
the top right and the bottom left.  Those distances need to be equal.  

 

Measure twice, cut once.  Check everything visually and label and number
each unison in pencil on the bridge to as you go (you'll sand off the
numbers before you put the sealer on the bridge) .  Check it again and then
one more time before you start punching holes.  

 

 

 

David Love

www.davidlovepianos.com

 

From: pianotech-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf
Of Joseph Garrett
Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2009 7:11 PM
To: pianotech
Subject: [pianotech] Repairing Bridge

 

David Said: " 

Sounds good but I would probably not try and make a pattern from that old

cap. Just lay it out from scratch. Not hard."

 

Having capped several hundred bridges in the last 35+ years, I consider that
to be bad advice to someone who is attempting their first bridge recap. If
one is well versed in bridges, etc. it is fine and can be implimented w/o a
pattern. However, that is not the case. A rubbing is adviseable. Use the
pencil point to locate all of the bridge pin holes, even on the cracked side
this is possible. I usually tape the butcher paper to the bridge while I'm
doing the rubbing. W/O a pattern of some sort, all kinds of errors can
happen. DAMHIK! The idea is to replicate the original bridge, but hopefully
improve on it, if possible. Most Uprights had really crappy wood used in the
bass bridges. Why? I have no idea, but such is the case.

As for the Airplane Plywood, you could google a search and will come up with
a whole bucket  of sources. Most Aircraft plywood is made of maple with a
poplar core. This is more than adequate for recapping. Using delignet is
overkill in my opinion. And, it is harder to work with than the Aircraft
ply.

Regards,

 

 

Joe Garrett, R.P.T. (Oregon)

Captain, Tool Police

Squares R I

 

 

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