I was puzzled not to see more of a universal recommendation of impact wrenches here (for uprights). I must be even more out of the loop than I'd imagined, because I've assumed for years that impact hammers had handily won over the market for upright piano tuning. After a few weeks of using an impact wrench (generic Schaff design), I found a conventional wrench to be comparatively cumbersome, slow, and inaccurate for *most* upright pianos and tuning situations (large pitch raises and extremely tight pins are better served by conventional tuning wrenches, no doubt). Again, I'm very surprised that impact hammers aren't universally preferred by those who actually use them regularly (given the sampling of opinion here is representative). I liked the impact action so much, I even built an impact wrench for grand pianos, but I was never able to achieve a design that worked well for a variety of pin tightnesses in the horizontal position. Best, JeffO
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