Don, Regarding beat rates: A beginning tuner may have no idea what to listen for or how fast the beats should be. When I was a beginner, I went to my church to listen to the pianos that had recently been tuned. I muted off the outside strings, so I could hear the beats. I think the thirds were the easiest to hear at first. Play a progression of thirds in the middle octave and listen for their speed. On a well tuned piano they will gradually increase in speed. This is only a starting point for you to try. Hope it helps. Ray T. Bentley, RPT Alton, IL ray@bentley.net www.ray.bentley.net
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