<html> <head> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"> <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10 (filtered)"> <style>  </style> </head> <body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=blue style='word-wrap: break-word;-khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space'> <div class=Section1> Not sure why this got posted again.  Please ignore.    <div> David Love davidlovepianos@comcast.net www.davidlovepianos.com </div> -----Original Message----- From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] On Behalf Of David Love Sent: Friday, October 20, 2006 12:10 PM To: files@ptg.org Subject: High tension? Low? Board stiffness? was Hammer Types   <div> <div>   </div> One of the problems with assessing tension in scales is illustrated by the data below.  The plain wire sections of the original scales on two pianos are listed:  Steinway B and Knabe 6’4”.  You can see that the range within each piano is fairly broad.  Ever wonder why you had such a voicing problem getting the low end of the tenor section to blend well with the bass on a Steinway B?  On the Knabe you can see that the tensions range from a low of 138 to a high of 209 lbs.  Both of these pianos received a bit of scale alteration.  <div>   </div> <div>   </div> <div> David Love <a href="mailto:davidlovepianos@comcast.net">davidlovepianos@comcast.net</a> <a href="http://www.davidlovepianos.com">www.davidlovepianos.com</a> Knabe 6’4”    Note          #    Length mm                        Wire Size                 Tension lbs      Snip… <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=437 style='width:4.55in;margin-left:35.1pt;border-collapse:collapse'> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 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height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 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height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 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height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; 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height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> <tr height=17 style='height:12.95pt'> <td width=67 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.7in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=41 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:30.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=50 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:37.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=44 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:32.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=34 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:25.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=38 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:.4in;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> <td width=40 nowrap height=17 valign=bottom style='width:29.8pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; height:12.95pt'>   </td> </tr> </table> <div>   </div> <div>   </div> <div>   </div> </div> -----Original Message----- From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [<a href="mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org">mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org</a>] On Behalf Of <a href="mailto:Erwinspiano@aol.com">Erwinspiano@aol.com</a> Sent: Thursday, October 19, 2006 7:14 AM To: <a href="mailto:pianotech@ptg.org">pianotech@ptg.org</a> Subject: Re: High tension? Low? Board stiffness? was Hammer Types <div style='margin-left:.5in'>   </div> <div> <div>    Hi Alan </div> <div>    You asked  about 20 questions but I'm answering only a couple.  Ronsen Wurzen hammers are very consistent. </div> <div> I base this on having used a dozen or more sets.  SO the difference is in the soundboard system/scaling/down bearing etc. </div> <div>   I think of high tension low tension in terms of plain wire.  Steinway scales , models S,M,l,O & the A's as 160 ish lbs per string on the plain wire.  Models B,C,D have higher tension in the 180's or higher or tensions that spike high like the C into the 190's. </div> <div>   Other scale heads will have more to offer than this. </div> <div>   As far as no. of ribs in general the more the merrier. Rather have too much support than not enough.  You have to start paying attention to this stuff so you can begin to draw some general conclusion your self.  How many ribs how tall etc. where are the cut outs.  And remember most of the boards you will see are compression crowned so how do you quantify that? Not!  </div> <div>   Dale's general rule of thumb is that the stiffer the hammer requeiremnts the stiffer the soundboard & vice verse. </div> <div>   On the Wurzens you thought needed a thin dilution of  juice. The lightest solution would probably give you enough of what you were after without adverse effect or wait for a years hard playing. </div> <div>   So may question so little time </div> <div>   Dale </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>