<WBR>            <FONT face="Comic Sans MS, sans-serif">David<br>   Fantastic post<br> Yes, Yes, Wouldn't we all like to know the answers to that. It's probably complex. No. 1 is, none of them ever heard this theory. No 2, most are not voicing piano technicians or they'd be really ticked. It's easier to make up for the variableness in felt sheets by making hammers hard & harder rather than occasionally resilient & hard.  One size, certainly, does not fit all. As Ray sometimes says,"I don't make hammers for every piano". An honest man. </FONT><br>   Dale<br> <BLOCKQUOTE style="PADDING-LEFT: 3px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid"> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Which brings me to the final point.  Since the stiffness of the string spring (and accompanying soundboard spring, let’s not forget) varies from piano to piano, and since many of the pianos we like have relatively low tension scales with light and fairly flexible soundboards, <STRONG><U>why do the hammer makers, for the most part, make only hammers that seem to be tailored for scale tensions and soundboard springs that are for the most part in the minority?  </U></STRONG></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SI ZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">So many questions, so few answers.  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Thanks again Ray!  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">David</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"> Love</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"><br> <A href="mailto:davidlovepianos@comcast.net">davidlovepianos@comcast.net</A><br> <A href="http://www.davidlovepianos.com/" target=_blank>www.davidlovepianos.com</A></SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original Message-----</SPAN></FONT></div> </BLOCKQUOTE><br> <br> David writes<br> <br> <div id=AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8> <STYLE> @#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 font-face {font-family:Helvetica; panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}@#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 font-face {font-family:Tahoma; panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}@#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 fo nt-face {font-family:"Bookman Old Style"; panose-1:2 5 6 4 5 5 5 2 2 4;} #AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 p.MsoNormal,#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 li.MsoNormal,#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 div.MsoNormal {margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";}#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 a:link,#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline;}#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 a:visited,#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:blue; text-decoration:underline;}#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 p {margin-right:0in; margin-left:0in; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";}#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 span.EmailStyle18 {font-family:Arial; color:navy;}@#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;}#AOLMsgPart_2_573acdbc-c9aa-471d-9871-aebd07fe58b8 div.Section1 {page:Section1;}</STYLE> <div class=Section1> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Making the right kind of cushion is the challenge as, let’s face it, many voicers can’t tell the difference between a hammer which flexes in the shoulders and one which is softened in the crown.  Thus the approach for a too hard hammer is often to simply needle the crap out of the crown.  Unfortunately, it doesn’t work and as the hammer develops it will sound mushy and inflexible (meaning too soft on a sof t blow but harsh on a loud blow) rather than simply too harsh overall.  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Creating a flexible shoulder is often something that you can’t necessarily hear at first until you release the final bit of tension from nearer the crown, so it can sound like nothing is happening when, in fact, something is.  Therein lies some of the art as you need to be able to feel the consistency of the felt through the needles much like you learn to feel the pin move through the tuning hammer.  A skilled voicer can get the consistency reasonably close without ever listening to the hammer but just by the feel of the needles in the felt.  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I can’t really say what actually happens to the hammer string contact and whether it’s more like a shock absorber or more like storing energy (although the storage concept eludes me somewhat consider the length of time of hammer contact and the ability of the hammer to “return energy to the string”) .  I can say that with a more flexible shoulder you can feel the bounce as if the two springs (hammer and string) are somehow more equal or balanced.  It’s not surprising, then, that a stiffer string scale would accommodate, actually require, a stiffer or firmer spring in the hammer.</SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Which brings me to the final point.  Since the stiffness of the string spring (and accompanying soundboard spring, let’s not forget) varies from piano to piano, and since many of the pianos we like have relatively low tension scales with light and fairly flexible soundboards, why do the hammer makers, for the most part, make only hammers that seem to be tailored for scale tensions and soundboard springs that are for the most part in the minority?  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">So many questions, so few answers.  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class= MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Thanks again Ray!  </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy">David</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"> Love</SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy"><br> <A href="mailto:davidlovepianos@comcast.net">davidlovepianos@comcast.net</A><br> <A href="http://www.davidlovepianos.com/" target=_blank>www.davidlovepianos.com</A></SPAN></FONT><FONT color=navy><SPAN style="COLOR: navy"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">-----Original Message-----<br> <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">From:</SPAN></B> <A href="mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org">pianotech-bounces@ptg.org</A> [<A href="mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org?">mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org</A>] <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">On Behalf Of </SPAN></B>andré oorebeek<br> <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Monday, October 20, 2008 10:27 AM<br> <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">Pianotech List</SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma"><br> <B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> Re: shock absorber</SPAN></FONT></d iv> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">On Oct 19, 2008, at 11:17 PM, <A href="mailto:BobDavis88@aol.com">BobDavis88@aol.com</A> wrote:</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><br> <br> </SPAN></FONT></div> <div id=role_body> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'">In a message dated 10/18/2008 2:38:30 P.M. Pacific Daylight Time, <A href="mailto:oorebeek@planet.nl">oorebeek@planet.nl</A> writes:</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: medium none; MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN-LEFT: 3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none"> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Only part of the hammer is the shock absorber, but it is the  most important part of the hammer and the basis for a=2 0decent voicing.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> </BLOCKQUOTE> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'">Andre - </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'">Would you mind elaborating? Maybe a difference in definition here, but I think of a shock absorber (as on a car) as a mechanism to convert energy into heat (through hydraulic means). This would seem to me the antithesis of what we want, which is a loss-less means of storing energy and returning it to the string over a varying (and adjustable) period of time.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Bookman Old Style" color=black size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Bookman Old Style'">Bob Davis</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> </div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FON T face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Hi Bob and Listers.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Just to make sure we understand each other :</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">As we all know, a brand new hammer basically needs two voicings : </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">1. the first voicing, during which we apply a cushion, the shock absorber</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">2. the second voicing, during which we even out the highs and the lows, adjust tonal volume, make the left pedal voicing and apply 'cosmetics'. </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGI N-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">As the new hammer is 'usually' stone hard, or at least too hard (or so it should be), the tone will be loud, nasal and shrill.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">That is because the higher partials predominate.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">To make the tone more pleasant and agreeable we need to create some lower partials as well.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Therefor we make a 'cushion' and the cushion area is between the basis of the hammer and the crown.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The cushion becomes in fact the shock absorber and acts as a 'go between' between the loaded and powerful basis, the "battery", and the sensitive crown and near-crown area.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div>0A <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">To make the 'right' cushion is, according to me, the most difficult thing about voicing.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">It is about creating the 'right' tone, the 'right' balance between power, loudness, and that in great variety, according to a multiple taste.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Making a good and healthy cushion/absorber in a professional way (time wise), requires great skill and vast experience.</SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> </SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div><SPAN style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0"><SPAN style="WORD-SPACING: 0px; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing:200px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"> <div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space"> <div style="WORD-WRAP: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space"> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0in"><SPAN class=apple-style-span><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">friendly greetings</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><br> <SPAN class=apple-style-span>from</SPAN><br> <SPAN class=apple-style-span>André Oorebeek</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN class=apple-style-span><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Antoni van Leeuwenhoekweg 15</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN class=apple-style-span><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">1401 VW, Bussum</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><SPAN class=apple-style-span><FONT face=Arial color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">the Netherlands</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></div> </div> <div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in"><FONT face=Helvetica color=black size=1><SPAN 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