<HTML>List, I have seen many opinions on this subject, here is mine:  I strictly *avoid* any bending or twisting of the tuning pins.  I suppose that when the pins are very tight, some of this may occur but certainly not on purpose.  I use the impact type technique I learned from Jim Coleman, Sr. RPT over 20 years ago.  Steinway verticals present me with no undue difficulty. Bill Bremmer RPT Madison, Wisconsin <A HREF="http://www.billbremmer.com/">Click here: -=w w w . b i l l b r e m m e r . c o m =-</A> </HTML>