<HTML>Time being short, I'll co= mment on a few points without copying them. Older tuners in Europe not tuning pure ET:  For at least a century,= ET has been the one and only temperament believed in.  All other kinds= not understood nor having any interest, ET has morphed into a curiously mil= d but backwards version of a Well Temperament. This has happened because tuners concentrate too much on trying to make = the 4ths and 5ths too pure.  The temperament sequence begins in the whi= te keys.  A too pure 5th creates a 3rd which is too wide.  By the = end of the sequence, something has to give, so the overly tempered 5ths amon= g the black keys create 3rds which are too slow.  *Voilà*, you get *R= everse Well*. The younger generation has learned some of the more advanced aural techn= iques that came upon the scene about 1980.  Many may also use ETDs whic= h help them get a true ET. Regarding Chopin in "all the keys" and ET.  Most of Chopin's writin= g is in the more remote keys.  The romantic nature of his music and the= melodic lines are deemed to be enhanced by the use of 19th and late 19th Ce= ntury Well Temperaments (WT) by most who have discovered them and put them t= o use.  You'll find his writing in the simple keys to be of a different= nature, more close harmony which is better suited to the smooth and harmoni= ous sound of those keys in a typical 19th Century WT. It has also been my observation and thus my belief that virtually all 20= th Century music, including Jazz is also tonal and adheres to the same basic= concept.  Close, simple harmony is written in the simple, white keys. =  Sweeping, melodic and vibrant music uses the black keys. Jazz has many mixtures of harmony as well as clashing disonances.  = This however, does not mandate the use of ET, contrary to many people's supp= osition.  Some people have even experimented with Jazz in 1/4 Comma Mea= ntone and really liked it.  I feel that the Victorian or Quasi Equal Te= mperaments generally serve it best, giving it more clarity and texture than = ET does. Since many pianists have been unknowingly and inadvertently subjected to= Reverse Well, they have learned to do what I would call "bang harder" when = playing Chopin just to get some kind of color out of the piano where it is l= acking.  For these people, a temperament which curiously goes contrary = to the basic theories of how most HTs are constructed, why and how they are = used seems to work. Ed Foote has experimented with the De Morgan Temperament which does this= .  I created a very mild, nearly equal Victorian Temperament which I so= metimes transpose up 1/2 step to get this effect.  My local colleague, = Timothy Farley RPT has come up with a brilliant idea which I really like. &n= bsp;He tunes a very mild, 1/8 Comma Meantone (it has Victorian like 3rds) bu= t has shifted the "Wolf" from G#-Db to A-E.  In this instance, the A ha= s really become a Bbb (double flat). His whole white key side of the scale are double flats.  E is Fb an= d B is Cb.  This creates a mild kind of reversely focused harmony compa= red to what is expected from the usual HTs.  Those advanced pianists wh= o largely play Romantic pieces in 4 and 5 flats and who really lay into the = keyboard as soon as they start playing really seem to like it.  I view = it as the antidote for the damage that the pervasive use of Reverse Well has= caused. Steinway tuners tuning pure 5ths:  This is natural to this instrume= nt.  It has a relatively high degree of inharmonicity compared to most = other pianos.  This leads naturally to a wider octave in the Temperamen= t Sequence range, to purer 5ths and wider 3rds in this range and to virtuall= y pure 5ths by the 5th octave and even slightly wide 5ths in the 6th and 7th= octaves (also in the lowest octaves). The Steinway piano also lends itself to the so called, ET with pure 5ths= idea.  In Madison, Wisconsin, we call that the "New York Stretch". &nb= sp;The big mistake that can be made is to try to do this with a piano which = has lower inharmonicity or a small piano in someone's living room.  At = best, it will produce a very steely, harsh sounding piano but the usual resu= lt is Reverse Well.  Believe me, I know, I have heard it literally thou= sands of times, here and most anywhere I have traveled. Bill Bremmer RPT Madison, Wisconsin</HTML>