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<div class=Section1>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Voicing means simply regulating the =
tone
of the piano.  Specific goals about brightness, power, sustain, =
balance, or
charm, will vary so much from player to player and technician to =
technician
that a comprehensive definition becomes quite problematic.  =
</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div>

<p><font size=2 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:10.0pt;
 color:navy'>David Love</span></font><font size=2 color=navy><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:navy'><br>
davidlovepianos@comcast.net </span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 =
face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original =
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> =
pianotech-bounces@ptg.org
[mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] <b><span =
style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf
Of </span></b></span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span =
style='font-size:
 10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>antares</span></font><font size=2 =
face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, November =
28, 2005
2:54 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> </span></font><font =
size=2
 face=Tahoma><span =
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Pianotech</span></font><fon=
t
size=2 face=Tahoma><span =
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: Definition =
of Voicing</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>On 28-nov-2005, at 22:35, Stéphane Collin =
wrote:</span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'>Hello
Alan.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Nice thread for sure.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>My own definition, though,&nbsp;would replace the ideas of =
optimal
power and sustain and even tone from note to note by the more complex =
idea of
charm, which may or may not include or exclude all or part of the former =
and
other things.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Best regards.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face=Arial><span =
style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'>Stéphane Collin.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div style='border:none;border-left:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in =
0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>I'm looking&nbsp;to develop&nbsp;a short but comprehensive
definition of piano voicing. So far, I've got:</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid black =
1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'=
>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>&quot;Voicing is setting the overall brightness of the =
piano and&nbsp;evening
out the tone from note to note, while optimizing power and sustain. =
&quot;</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>Ideas appreciated, please.</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>Alan Barnard</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><font
size=1 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;
color:black'>Salem, Missouri</span></font></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

</blockquote>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face="MS Sans Serif"><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"MS =
Sans Serif";
color:black'><br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

</div>

</span>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Hi Stéphane and list,</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>When I think about voicing, the word tells me =
what it
is : give the hammers a voice</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>In German it is called &quot;intonieren&quot; =
and in
Dutch it is &quot;Intoneren&quot; which sort of means &quot;working with =
tone,
sound&quot;.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>To give a piano a voice is =
one.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>What kind of voice another =
issue.</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>EAR</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<div><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><font
size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
Helvetica;color:black'><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>friendly =
greetings</span></font></span></p>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>from</span></=
font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>André
Oorebeek</span></font></p>

</div>

<div style='min-height: 14px'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div style='min-height: 14px'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>R.
Vinkeleskade 1-3hg</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>1071
SN Amsterdam&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>The
Netherlands</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>tel/fax
: 0031-20-6237357</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>gsm
&nbsp; :&nbsp; 0031-645-492389</span></font></p>

</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>www.concertpi=
anoservice.nl</span></font></p>

</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

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color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'></span><br>
</span></span></span></span></span></span><img width=100 height=75
src="cid:image001.jpg@01C5F430.AF8D5590"><br>
<br>
<span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
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style='border-spacing: 0px =
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2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'></span></font><span
class=apple-style-span></span></span></p>

</span></span></span></span>

<div><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=apple-style-span><span
style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;
-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;orphans: 2;widows: =
2;word-spacing:0px'><font
size=1 color=black face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
Helvetica;color:black'><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
0px;text-align:auto;
-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'><span style='border-spacing: =
0px 0px;
text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'>and the stories I =
hear!</span></font></span></p>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 =
face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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color=black
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color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

<div>

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color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

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color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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face=Helvetica><span =
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
</font></p>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>&nbsp;</span>=
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</span></font><span class=apple-style-span></span></span></p>

</span>

<div><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><span
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<span style='border-spacing: 0px =
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<br>
</span></span></span></span></span><span style='border-spacing: 0px =
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text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
none;-apple-text-size-adjust: auto;
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text-align:auto;-khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: =
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orphans: 2;widows: 2;word-spacing:0px'></span></font></p>

</div>

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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><br>
<br>
</span></font></p>

</div>

</span></span></span></span>

<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 =
color=black
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style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><br>
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</span></font></p>

</div>

</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></s=
pan></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span=
></span></span></span></span>

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