Hi David, and Phil I got to agree with Dave here. In fact, if the key is oriented horizontally and the ratio equated to the key being balanced thus, then the key ratio is exactly the straight line from the front of the key to the middle of the balance rail pin to the middle of the hole of the capstan. Thats the balance ratio in anycase. The ratio of the key in any other position can be calculated in the same way really after one adjusts for the offset from horizontal. Or... one can use Torque to figure it out for any given angle... which is more ususal I suppose. In essence tho.. the key ratio is dependant at any given time on its angular orientation. But if half way through the key stroke the key is horizontal... then its perhaps easier to just view it that way to begin with for simplicity. Cheers RicB Sorry, but you are incorrect about the key ratio. The key ratio depends completely on where the capstan enters the key, nothing more nothing less. The ratio of the wippen lever, on the other hand, will depend on where the top of the capstan contacts the wippen heel. David Love davidlovepianos@comcast.net <mailto:davidlovepianos@comcast.net>
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