Re: Poll : temperaments - choosing ? ( "stretched ? notstretched ?" part answered )

David Ilvedson ilvey@sbcglobal.net
Sun, 12 Feb 2006 19:25:10 -0800


This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

---------------------- multipart/alternative attachment
Don't worry about stretching...it comes as a natural part of your tunin=
g.  Once you can tune well, you can start thinking about adding more st=
retch if you want.   I recommend a 4ths & 5ths tuning checking with 3rd=
s and 6ths...other fast beating intervals progressing...

David Ilvedson, RPT
Pacifica, California






Original message
From: Avery 
To: "Pianotech List" 
Received: 2/12/2006 1:39:59 PM
Subject: Re: Poll : temperaments - choosing ? ( "stretched ? notstretch=
ed ?" part answered )


Philippe, 

Are you just learning to tune? If so, my advice is to FIRST just learn =
to tune a good temperament with nicely progressing beat rates on the 3r=
ds & 6ths. Don't worry about a stretched temperament (whatever that is)=
! Then worry about stretch as you go out from the temperament! JMHO! It=
 worked for me for 25+ yrs. :-) Even before I started using an ETD. 

Avery 

At 10:37 AM 2/12/2006, you wrote:

Thank you Andrew, for your answer. 
 
I had read much before asking the question... I understood the theory, =
but I wanted to know in what measure it was something very strict or if=
 sometimes piano were tuned as if being a "theoretical piano", just for=
 an example to match them with other instrument not needing stretched t=
uning... So my question was more about usages or fashions than technica=
l...
 
>From your explanation, and from another that came directly on my e-mail=
, I understand that there are no exceptions to stretching... ok, In fac=
t I knew the problem of tuning very different pianos... but then my que=
stion is "how is it usually solved ?", especially when a piano plays wi=
th an orchestre.
 
And about temperament, are there also temperaments more commonly used ?=
 amongst tuners ? and amongst clients ?
 
Philippe

----- Original Message ----- 

From: Andrew and Rebeca Anderson 

To: Pianotech List 

Sent: Sunday, February 12, 2006 3:53 PM

Subject: Re: temperaments - choosing ? stretched ? not stretched ?


Phillippe,

I am not sure what you mean by a "stretched temperament."  Tuning is st=
retched on a piano because of inharmonicity caused by the stiffness of =
piano wire.  When the wire subdivides vibrations after being struck by =
the hammer it does so losing a little length with each subdivision beca=
use the wire is stiff.  The higher the partial, the more length is lost=
 and the sharper the coincident tone.  When tuning a piano aurally, str=
etch occurs naturally as you match those partials.  You hear the tone b=
lossom or open up, if you will, as you come into coincidence.  Where yo=
u place it in that narrow zone is a matter of taste--narrow, middle or =
wide.


Because different pianos are scaled (choice of wire size) differently, =
no one recording of reference tones will work throughout the compass.  =
Sometimes manufacturers will "refine" their scaling in a given model mo=
re than once in a year and the same model of piano will actually have a=
 different scale.  The result of different scales is different tuning s=
ometimes obvious at the extreme ends of the compass.  The pianos will n=
ot harmonize to a greater or lessor degree.  Actually, a lot of scaling=
 refinement happens at the break from the long bridge to the bass bridg=
e and the break from wound strings to unwound strings.  


An example of how scaling differences can show up in real life happened=
 at a university where my wife worked as a pianist.  They had a NY Stei=
nway D and a Bosendorfer concert grand.  For a concert they chose to ha=
ve four-hand, two piano accompaniment of the mass choir.  I was attendi=
ng the concert and during an intermission the choral director approache=
d me and asked/complained why their tuner couldn't get the pianos in tu=
ne with each other.  Knowing the person in question was a fine, pre-emi=
nent technician, I knew the problem wasn't the tuning and asked about t=
he pianos.  I explained how different piano makers would scale their in=
struments differently pursuing different philosophies of sound and that=
 in order for a piano to be "in-tune" the resulting scales must be tune=
d differently.  The only perfectly harmonious note she could count on w=
ould be A4, middle A.  (Even then such different pianos would respond t=
o climate differently and go out of tune differently.)  Steinway with i=
ts low tension scale and Bosendorfer with its high tension scale were d=
estined to clash.  Those piano-makers have very different goals they ac=
complish with their instruments.  The university has since purchased an=
other Steinway D.


This is why guitar tuners do not work for tuning pianos.  Piano tuners =
are more complex and cost multiples of an ordinary tuner.  There are a =
variety of electronic tuners offered explicitly for tuning pianos.  The=
 cheap ones have stretch templates that may or may not do a good job of=
 "parodying" the piano you are tuning.  The mid-level ones sample three=
 notes on a piano and then calculate a stretch curve for the entire pia=
no.  The high-end one measures each note you tune and fits it into the =
scale based on the measurements and records those measurements along wi=
th partial strength to influence the placement of other notes.  Scaling=
 breaks occur at many places in the piano.  Every time you change wire =
size, you have a scaling break.  That will influence tuning.  People wh=
o tune relying strictly on their ETD will find that aural checks of an =
FAC type ETD will reveal tuning problems on pianos that have prominent =
scaling breaks (usual in little pianos).


As to temperament preferences, Equal Temperament is the most dissonant =
temperament.  It is also the most flexible temperament, allowing transp=
osition without changing the character of a musical piece.  The further=
 you wander from equal towards just temperament the more consonant comm=
on keys and intervals will become.  This comes at a price.  The dissona=
nce will be confined more and more into increasingly dissonant keys/int=
ervals.  The repertoire becomes more and more constrained by the tuning=
.  I like well-temperaments.  I've enjoyed Barnes Bach on a piano for s=
ome time.  The piano sounded much better and more powerful as many inte=
rvals were close to consonant.  The difficulty was in the more modern r=
epertoire.  Debussy came across more like sand-paper then the creamy/dr=
eamy sounds you expect from this composer.  Composers that utilized une=
qual temperaments wrote pieces that took advantage of those inequalitie=
s.  When you switch keys in Mozart, Beethovan, Bach etc. you audibly sw=
itch gears in a well-temperament.  Modern composers wrote for what they=
 heard on the piano, some advocated for ET.  Understand what you are ge=
tting when you choose a tuning and then make your choice.


Good luck,

Andrew Anderson


At 06:30 AM 2/12/2006, you wrote:

Hi all, 

 

I'm currently studying temperaments, and I wonder if a tuner always use=
 a stretched temperament, 

especially since this doesn't seems quite compatible with the use of el=
ectronic tuning devices.

(for the not aural tuners...)

 

This question, especially since I've a CD with reference tones for a st=
retched temperament, which 

seems quite strange since a stretched temperament should depend on the =
kind of piano, shouldn't 

they ? So what ?

 

subsidiary question : as a tuner, do you prefer to use equal temperamen=
t ? or do you prefer to use 

another one ? (which one) ... Or do your clients often have their speci=
fic requests ? (in this case

what are you commonly asked ?)

 

Philippe Errembault

---------------------- multipart/alternative attachment
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: https://www.moypiano.com/ptg/pianotech.php/attachments/31/82/ba/e9/attachment.htm

---------------------- multipart/alternative attachment--

This PTG archive page provided courtesy of Moy Piano Service, LLC