(careful, it is about temperaments)

David Ilvedson ilvey@sbcglobal.net
Wed, 11 Jan 2006 8:49:02 -0800


There pitch is right in the middle of the vibrato...I've often wondered if a  tuning program could measure the up and down of the pitch and calculate the mid pitch.   I'm referring to false beats...

David Ilvedson, RPT
Pacifica, California



----- Original message ----------------------------------------
From: "Porritt, David" <dporritt@mail.smu.edu>
To: "An open list  for piano technicians" <pianotech@ptg.org>
Received: 1/11/2006 8:43:56 AM
Subject: RE: (careful, it is about temperaments)


>Of course I neglected to mention in my last post the vibrato factor.
>That's one reason the pitch of intervals sung by barber shop groups is
>so obvious is that they don't use vibrato.  When I hear singers here
>vibratoing (what is the gerund of vibrato?) and spanning a minor 3rd I
>wonder how you evaluate what their pitch really is!  Same for string
>players!  

>dp

>David M. Porritt
>dporritt@smu.edu

>-----Original Message-----
>From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] On
>Behalf Of David Love
>Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2006 9:34 AM
>To: 'An open list for piano technicians'
>Subject: RE: (careful, it is about temperaments)

>The string players I know all refer to the piano as the "diabolical
>instrument" because of its impure thirds and sixths, and that's without
>the
>profound dissonance characteristic of many keys in a WT.  From what I
>gather, there is nothing about the impure intervals of the piano that
>inspires them to copy it and many of them have no particular keyboard
>training to the extent that would have imprinted a sense of color that
>they
>got from relatively less keyboard listening than the attempts to create
>"just" intervals on their own instrument.  I'm just not sure it follows.
>While string players certainly do alter pitch (mostly melodic intervals
>rather than harmonic intervals), it seems a bit of a stretch (so to
>speak)
>to argue that some innate sense of musicality, pitch and harmony is
>trumped
>by the tuning limitations of one particular instrument.  

>David Love
>davidlovepianos@comcast.net 

>-----Original Message-----
>From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] On
>Behalf
>Of Porritt, David
>Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2006 7:09 AM
>To: An open list for piano technicians
>Subject: RE: (careful, it is about temperaments)

>David:

>Even though orchestral instruments have the ability to adjust their
>pitch "on the fly" and even though they claim to tune their intervals
>"just" I think they are profoundly affected by the pitch memory they
>have of intervals on the piano.  String quartets and a cappella vocal
>groups are famous for making the "just" claims yet it is rarely heard.
>Some of the very best barber shop vocal groups manage to pull it off
>because they emphasize "ringing the chords" and are the most aware of
>their pitches of any musical groups I'm aware of.  Here in Dallas there
>is a large group dedicated to this music and their just intervals will
>really make your spine tingle (but I digress).  

>Most groups that I've heard, who perform unencumbered by fixed tuned
>instruments, tend to place their intervals much like they have heard
>them on the piano.  Since a cappella choirs tend to learn new music with
>the aid of a piano before they go a cappella that's understandable. In
>our day that's a more-or-less ET.  I'm sure in the classical period the
>well temperaments were so fixed in their minds that they played or sang
>with those WT intervals in mind.  Composers then (even those who had no
>piano) would tend to write in and for the keys that they had in their
>head.  This is why it took a while for ET to become accepted as it
>violated people's idea of the pitch in their head.  You don't have to
>have pitch recognition to have a good sense of interval width.  When I'm
>tuning, after I've tuned C I can look away from my ETD and while not
>using any other pitch source, I can tune C# and it will be amazingly
>close and I'm no genius.  I think anyone who makes their living in music
>can do the same thing.

>dp

>David M. Porritt
>dporritt@smu.edu

>-----Original Message-----
>From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] On
>Behalf Of David Love
>Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2006 8:42 AM
>To: 'An open list for piano technicians'
>Subject: RE: (careful, it is about temperaments)

>Very eloquently expressed and I think you make a strong argument.  I
>agree
>that the wanderings from the tonic offer a sense of exploration and
>tension.
>The only issue that argues against the conclusion you draw with respect
>to
>the piano is that the wanderings occur in all the compositions,
>symphonies,
>quartets, i.e., non keyboard music.  In these cases it is the distance
>from
>the tonic and the resolve back to the tonic that creates the tension.
>While
>most of us are not educated in listening to classical music in a way
>that
>allows us to actually understand as we hear and follow the change of
>keys,
>the composers of that day (and many of the listeners) were.  The ability
>to
>perceive the journey away from and back to the tonic creates a contrast
>without having to rely on the use of unequal temperament to make the
>case.
>There are no instructions within the scores of the symphonies to play
>the
>outer keys with wider thirds in order to create more tension as the
>pieces
>wandered away from the tonic.  Since those options are available in an
>orchestra, we have to assume that they were eschewed as unnecessary,
>perhaps, undesirable.  

>That the piano contains these qualities due to the fact that it was
>tuned in
>a certain way doesn't mean that the composers would have chosen that
>given
>some other option.  There are many pieces whose openings are not
>necessary
>quiet and consonant and it would seem that in those cases more remote
>keys
>would have been chosen had that effect been desired.  That they weren't
>in
>almost all cases suggests strongly that in spite of the wanderings from
>the
>tonic dictated by the composers overarching sense of composition beyond
>what
>the instrument had to offer, that there choice of tonic keys was
>limited,
>not expanded, by the dissonance of the outer keys.  You work with what
>you
>have, but given an opportunity, you may not choose it.  

>David Love
>davidlovepianos@comcast.net 

>-----Original Message-----
>From: pianotech-bounces@ptg.org [mailto:pianotech-bounces@ptg.org] On
>Behalf
>Of A440A@aol.com
>Sent: Wednesday, January 11, 2006 4:49 AM
>To: pianotech@ptg.org
>Subject: Re: (careful, it is about temperaments)

>David writes:
> 
>>>Since the predominant choice of keys, as you have outlined, is in 3
>sharps
>or less (mostly less) it may also suggest that composers were selecting
>keys
>to avoid the effects of unequal temperaments present in the outer keys
>rather than to take advantage of them. << 

>     The "home key" is merely the beginning point.  As was pointed out 
>earlier, in sonata-Allegro form, the composers began in one place, then
>began moving 
>farther and farther away from it, going through a variety of keys in
>harmonic 
>exploration, before returning to the "home" key. As certainly as rest is
>more 
>blessed after labor, as water is more satisfying after drought, and love
>is 
>more cherished after lonliness, harmony is sweeter for the dissonance
>that 
>precedes it.  Braid-White chose to quote Plutarch in his book, "Music,
>to
>create 
>harmony, must investigate discord".  

>>>The fact that the selection is quite narrow and weighs in heavily on
>the
>less "colorful" side of the circle of fifths suggests to me that unequal
>temperaments certainly did influence choice of keys, but not in the
>broader
>sense of a wider or more "artistic" vocabulary, but rather in the
>narrower
>sense to avoid intervals that on the piano as it was tuned just didn't
>sound
>that good.<< 

>    I see this entirely differently!  Beethoven didn't avoid much,
>instead, 
>he gained a reputation by writing farther out than anyone previously
>had.
>Haydn 
>and Schubert also show their willingness to use all the keys.  
> If avoidance of dissonance were the aim, the composers would have
>stayed 
>within the home key and sonata form would not have evolved.   Instead,
>the
>use of 
>"color" is there to create the contrasts necessary to fully engage the 
>listeners emotions.  When Beethoven is using minor 2nds, he is obviously
>looking for 
>dissonance, since that interval is dissonant in ANY key and ANY tuning. 
>    I see the composers using the beginning key to set a relative sense
>of 
>consonance, against which the increasingly expressive harmony of more
>highly

>tempered keys display their own beauty.  I call this the "Tight-shoe
>theory
>of 
>harmony".  C major feels better after a  trek though  Ab or F#.  The act
>of 
>resolution is one of carrying the listener to a more consonant place
>than
>where 
>they have been, allowing them to relax.  Moving from a highly tempered
>key
>to 
>one less so does this in a physiological sense, which certainly aids in
>engaging 
>the mind and emotions.  This is a non-voluntary response to dissonance.

>    The true art of composition in the classical era was to move the
>listener 
>into ever increasing dissonance without it becoming obvious, then
>bringing 
>the resolution by moving back into consonance.  It is a delicate art,
>but
>causes 
>the listener to become emotionally involved on a subliminal level.  It
>is 
>this rising and falling level of dissonance that creates the attraction.
>I 
>suggest that this is the reason that resolutions were never made to a
>key
>that was 
>higher in the circle of fifths, the rise in stimulation that results
>from 
>moving into higher dissonance goes against the grain of resolution.
>This is
>also 
>why I believe that keys like B and F# were so difficult to use, because
>it
>is 
>very difficult to resolve back to home in these keys!  
>    I demonstrate this easily enough.   On a well-tempered piano, even
>with
>a 
>Young temperament with its 21 cent F#-A#,  I can begin with C and play a

>circle of triads through the octave, (C-F-Bb-Eb-Ab-C#-F#-B-E-A-D-G-C)
>and
>99% of 
>the listeners never consciously register the change of tempering.
>However,
>if 
>I move from C directly to B, or F#,  it becomes obvious to almost all
>that 
>there is a distinct difference to the quality of sound.  
>    If we listen intellectually, as us tuners are wont to do, we hear 
>unevenness, but the normal music lovers I have encountered don't.  They
>are
>hearing 
>the music, not the tuning.  This was brought home by the response to the

>Pathetique we recorded on the Prinz temperament on "Beethoven in the
>Temperaments".  
>By and large, other techs told me how grating the middle section was to
>them, 
>yet, I got more positive comments on that passage from music lovers and 
>musicians than anything else I have done.  I chose this temperament for
>this
>piece 
>because I wanted a passage that used the maximum expressiveness of WT,
>which

>in this case is the 21 cent third (syntonic comma) in Ab.  
>     We listen as a function of our past.  That is where our
>expectations 
>come from, and what we must compare all else to.  Our 20th century past
>is,
>by 
>and large, equal temperament.  However, growth requires change, and
>change 
>requires courage.  My aim has been to encourage others to experiment
>with an
>open 
>mind.  Once that is done, an individual's choices is informed and valid,

>regardless of what direction results, whether it be a totally new
>universe
>or 
>comfortably secure in the status quo.  
>  If I may quote Tolstoy: 
>     "I know that most men, including those at ease with problems of the

>greatest complexity, can seldom accept even the simplest and most
>obvious
>truth if 
>it be such as would oblige them to admit the falsity of conclusions
>which 
>they have delighted in explaining to colleagues, which they proudly
>taught
>to 
>others, and which they have woven, thread by thread, into the fabric of
>their 
>lives."  
>    My own life has become much richer for questioning how I tune.  I
>did 
>have to give up a single-minded attachment to my ET, but it has been
>worth
>it.   
>After 17 years of mono-temperament work, the incorporation of a variety
>of 
>temperaments greatly increased my appreciation of music.  It has also
>begun 
>creating a new demand for my services as well as bedrock loyalty in my
>customers, 
>new respect around Music row, the town, the university, and the higher
>prices I 
>can command, (currently tunings are $130 and I still have to turn down
>work). 
>    My whole point is that technicians can make a positive impact in
>their 
>lives by broadening their aesthetic sense of harmony, by becoming
>familiar
>with 
>temperament's history and its application.  To this end,  I continually
>ask 
>myself if I know what I like or do I like what I know.   
>Regards,






>Ed Foote RPT 
>http://www.uk-piano.org/edfoote/index.html
>www.uk-piano.org/edfoote/well_tempered_piano.html
> 
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