Hey Fred, Hi Ric, This was a controlled experiment with solid terminations. So Jim Ellis has taken termination (and any soundboard or bridge influences) out of the picture, and has been able to produce, consistently, a "false" beating string based only on a single parameter: a rotation away from vertical and horizontal of the residual curl of the wire. That's how I interpret his article. Yes I agree, and he makes a statement to that affect in the article as well. The soundboard and bridge influence is taken out of the picture. Now in real life, there may be multiple contributing factors, but from the description of the experiment, it seems that Jim has effectively isolated a single cause. As to exactly how that translates to field experience, that is another question. Good science I'd say really. Isolate a phenomenon first so as to identify as much as you can about it from that isolated perspective. Putting it into context later under controlled circumstance to observe further. I can think of one <<next step>> right off. Take the instance of false beat occurrence Jim has identify and purposely install it on a real piano (actually repeated many times) in order to see how often the (now known) falsely beating string results in an audible false beat. The purpose being to see if there is always correspondence between a string we know to be beating falsely and an audible false beat. If there is.. then the strings condition becomes what we could indeed call a <<cause>> as it happens in each instance. If not... then we know there are other factors that must necessarily work in concert for the end audible false beat to occur. Cheers RicB Regards, Fred Sturm University of New Mexico fssturm at unm.edu
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