Calibration of ETDs

Robert Scott rscott@wwnet.net
Fri, 19 Jan 2001 16:33:59 -0500


Electronic Tuning Device (ETD) users:

While looking around for a better way to calibrate TuneLab, I have
revisited the use of NIST services and it seems to me that this can
be a practical means of checking the calibration of not only TuneLab
but SAT and RCT as well.

The services I refer to are the 500 Hz and 600 Hz standard tones
available on shortwave radio and by telephone at (303)499-7111 (Colorado).
Leaving aside the shortwave option, since most techs do not have access 
to shortwave radios, I would like to consider the use of the telephone
service.  The number is not toll-free, so it is wise to plan your
use of this service carefully.  NIST says this is a very popular number.
They get over 2,000,000 calls per year.  When you call this number,
you will hear the WWV broadcast.  If you can get your computer or the
SAT to pick up the sound from the telephone receiver, then you can check
calibration. Try holding the telephone right up to the microphone. Before
you call, try to get the dial tone to register on your ETD just to
see if the phone is loud enough.  You will want to figure out how to
place the phone on the ETD's microphone so that it will stay put without
your hanging on to it and causing noises that will interfere with
the pickup of the tones.

In order to be sure of hearing a 500 Hz or 600 Hz tone when you call,
check the following broadcast schedule, which is repeated every hour.
When a tone is present, it is present for the first 45 seconds of the
minute and is silent for the last 15 seconds.  As you can see, the
best time to call is between 19 and 24 minutes after the hour, or
between 30 and 39 minutes after the hour. 

Minute  Contents
0         station ID
1      600 Hz tone
2         (440 Hz tone)
3         no tone
4         no tone
5      600 Hz tone
6      500 Hz tone
7      600 Hz tone
8         storm warnings
9         storm warnings
10        storm warnings
11     600 Hz tone
12     500 Hz tone
13     600 Hz tone
14        GPS reports
15        GPS reports
16        OMEGA reports
17     600 Hz tone
18        Geoalerts
19     600 Hz tone
20     500 Hz tone
21     600 Hz tone
22     500 Hz tone
23     600 Hz tone
24     500 Hz tone
25     600 Hz tone
26     500 Hz tone
27     600 Hz tone
28     500 Hz tone
29        no tone
30     500 Hz tone
31     600 Hz tone
32     500 Hz tone
33     600 Hz tone
34     500 Hz tone
35     600 Hz tone
36     500 Hz tone
37     600 Hz tone
38     500 Hz tone
39     600 Hz tone
40     500 Hz tone
41     600 Hz tone
42     500 Hz tone
43        no tone
44        no tone
45        no tone
46        no tone
47        no tone
48        no tone
49        no tone
50        no tone
51        no tone
52     500 Hz tone
53     600 Hz tone
54     500 Hz tone
55     600 Hz tone
56     500 Hz tone
57     600 Hz tone
58     500 Hz tone
59        no tone

In order to use the 500 Hz and 600 Hz tones to check your pitch
calibration, select a no-stretch tuning. If your ETD uses the
fundamental to tune C5 and D5, then customize the stretch for those
two notes so the C5 is stretched -78.69 cents and D5 is stretched
+36.95 cents.  Save these customizations in a tuning file or a page
in the SAT memory.  These stretches will make C5 exactly 500 Hz and
D5 exactly 600 Hz.  If you want to use the standard SAT partials,
then use C3 and D3 instead.  The SAT uses the 4th partial to
tune these notes and so you will again get 500 Hz and 600 Hz if you
use the stretch numbers shown above.

Once you have the ETD all set up to look for 500 Hz and 600 Hz on
C and D, then call the Colorado number at a time when you
can be sure of hearing the desired tones.  You will only have three
minutes maximum because they automatically disconnect you after
three minutes.  With the tone sounding  in the microphone of the ETD,
select either the C or D depending on which tone is playing.  Having 
the stretch numbers preset in memory makes it easy to switch between 
500 Hz and 600 Hz quickly.  Once you determine which tone is playing,
note the rotation of the lights in the SAT or the spinner in the RCT
or the movement of the squares in TuneLab.  Any movement in these 
displays indicates the error in calibration.  If you can adjust the 
offset to make the display stand still, then that offset tells you 
exactly how far off your ETD is.

When checking the SAT, you will be limited to one decimal place
in setting the stretch.  How much will that affect the results?
Well, if you set D5 (or the 4th partial of D3) to a stretch of
+36.9 instead of +36.95, that difference of .05 cents will mean
that a perfectly calibrated SAT listening to a perfect 600 Hz
ought to indicate sharp by .017 beats per second, which means the
lights in the SAT ought to rotate one light clockwise in 14 seconds.
This is barely recognizeable in the 45 seconds during which you 
can observe the 600 Hz tone.  And what about the C5 offset by 
-78.7 cents instead of -78.69 cents?  This error of .01 cents when 
listening to 500 Hz means the SAT should indicate sharp by .0029
beats per second, which means the lights ought to rotate one light
clockwise in 86 seconds - definitely not detectable during the
45 seconds of 500 Hz tone.

When checking the RCT, I'm not sure whether you can actually
refine your calibration or just check it with this method, since
Dean supplies a calibrated 440 Hz source to perform the initial
calibration.

When checking TuneLab you can trim the offset until the phase
display is absolutely stopped and then enter 500 or 600 in the
New Calibration menu.  Then you can say that your calibration
is traceable to NIST, the most precise reference that there is.

And if you do have a shortwave radio, try picking up WWV on
2.5, 5, 10, 15, or 20 MHz and save yourself the phone call.
However, I have had great difficultly getting a reliable signal
during the day in Michigan.  It works better at night.

-Rober Scott
 Ypsilanti, Michigan




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