Sneaky Steinway

Robin Hufford hufford1@airmail.net
Tue, 10 Aug 2004 03:30:29 -0700


Ron and Alan,
 I think the piano described by Alan is actually an A Steinway and not
and O.  The O has 26 notes in the bass and lacks a tenor bridge.  What
Alan describes below is an A;  judging from the date, which if correct,
indicates the piano is probably the third incarnation of the c. 6 foot
one inch A.  The first was an 85 note roundtail: then from 1893 to 1897,
at least in the US,  they made a second form which was the 88 note
roundtail- in my opinion a tremendous piano much superior to the 85
note, then the roughly parabolic shape of the tail was changed and
"modernized" to the half-round shape used in the concert grand;  at the
same time the tenor bridge was eliminated and the piano left with a 20
note bass.  A few years later the A was dropped from production and
brought back after an interval of a few years in the 6 foot four inch
form which, factually at least, should be referred to as a different
model.  However, marketing considerations apparently dictated naming,
what was, essentially,  a new instrument with a letter which people,
apparently, remembered, and would, presumably, buy more readily.
Judging from the knock-offs available then, which are made even to look
identical in the case to Steinway, the inference that a demand continued
to exist for the A after it was discontinued seems justifiable.  The
re-introduction of an A, in the form of a new model, speciously labelled
as an A, suggests, I think, that  the company felt it was losing sales
in this part of the market and was determined to recover them.

Checking on the serial number Alan gives I believe the piano is about
1896 - 97 and, may, therefore be a round-tail.  My browser did not
contain an image if one was posted of this piano.  Actually, after
having written that above it occurs to me that it must be a round-tail
as it has a tenor bridge.

The round tail, 88 note actually had two bichords followed by seven
trichords, all wrapped.   The elaborate decal reciting various royal
personages in Europe appears, in several forms, on the American piano
also and so, does not necesarily indicate an instrument from Hamburg.
This, however, is probably academic as it is possible, at this time,
that the factory in Hamburg was still simply assembling the instruments
shipped from New York.  I believe the actual production of in-house
built, instruments in Hamburg began slightly later than this time, or,
if Hamburg was allowed the latitude of actual production, it had just
begun.

At its inception the "Pianoforte Fabrik Hamburg" was not actually owned
by Steinway and Sons but was, in fact, a private, collaborative venture
of William and Theodore to which the company sold parts  under a
complicated system of accounting and licensure.   The assembly, not
manufacture,  of these parts in Hamburg and selling the completed pianos
in Europe  was the function of the plant there.  This caused some
friction with certain family stockholders.  Subsequent to  the death of
Theodore this was resolved by having the company itself acquire the
private venture which was the Hamburg operation.

An interesting aside:  The factory in Hamburg was seized in WWII as
belonging to an enemy alien - the Americans.  Later, during the war it
was bombed by the very same enemy aliens, that is the Americans, along
with the British.  You can't win for losing.

With regard to the bass/tenor break there are any number of older
six-foot American pianos which include anywhere from 25 to 28 notes in
the bass, although few indeed that go to d30 as you note.   Chickering,
for example,  long used 25.   I would argue that bridge placement is as
critical to an effective transistion as is scaling, and, of course, they
can be looked at as one and the same from one point of view,  and that a
blanket condemnation of a bass under 28 or 29 notes is not justified as
it disregards the effect on the transition of the bridge placement and
scaling of the tenor.

Chickering had a superior system in this respect, breaking after the
25th note in the bass but using speaking lengths in the tenor that are
much longer than the scales of most similarly sized Steinway style
pianos.  There is a marked difference between Steinway-style pianos,
which seems to be the only class of design approaches with which a
general familiarity is had by most commentators here and referred to
generally here on the list with mostly negative commentary,  and
Chickering-style which address some of the issues frequently raised with
reference to design, particularly the heavily criticized scaling of the
20 note bass.

For example, the characteristic placement of the bass bridge
substantially closer to the edge of the board results in Chickering
pianos with a significantly longer scaling per unit of case in the upper
bass while at the same time inducing and tolerating a shortened first
three or four notes relative to those in similarly sized Steinway
pianos.   The result of this approach, along with an effort made to
bring the front terminations closer to the stretcher,  is that speaking
lengths, for what is is worth, in a Chickering 121 (a five foot four
piano) are longer through much of the tenor and at least half of the
bass wire than on a Steinway O which is c. five foot ten.  Similar
contrast can be had with other Chickering models.  There are variations
on this approach also with other manufacturers.  Many times some of
what I read here which purposts to be  "novel, new modern scaling"
approaches, appear, with all due respect, to have been substantially
anticipated by manufacturers such as Chickering or Mason & Hamlin and
they appear to get little credit for such.

Also there a several American knock-offs and semi-knock-offs of the
piano you comment on including the Mason & Hamlin AA.

I would suggest, as I have before, that the return of the round tail
sound, in the form of the O, was an attempt to sell to the market
accustomed to the sound of the A.  The L is virtually the same as the O
except for the shape of the tail which is not rounded but the
"modernized" form I refer to.   To my ear, listening to the differences
between the sound of the round-tail A's and the subsequent half-round
form, the half-round form has a rougher bass with, perhaps a little more
ring-time in the treble.  Taking this impression and comparing it with
that formed with another pair of instruments similarly situated, the L
and O, one half-round and the other a round tail, this seems, to me at
least, to hold true, although I still prefer, in both cases, the
round-tail sound.  .
Regards, Robin Hufford
Overs Pianos wrote:

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