Bridge Seating (was Re: Where to notch a bridge, & relative effects ????? (Advice sought)

Ron Nossaman rnossaman at cox.net
Wed Sep 13 12:41:38 MDT 2006


> As others have stated, one cannot disprove an event, that can be observed
> and measured, by failure to explain why or how it occurs.  All that is
> proven is the limits of ones understanding of all of the forces at work.

Exactly, so let's discover what is at work here. Next time, 
measure string height at the center of the bridge before 
seating. You'll find that it doesn't change with seating, and 
the string was never above the bridge cap anywhere but at the 
pin. This is what I think happens. Bridge height swells with 
humidity increases, pushing strings up bridge pins - this is 
verified by measuring actual bridge models through humidity 
swings, not by random speculation. When the bridge shrinks 
back down in dry periods, the string goes back down the bridge 
with it, courtesy of the pin slant and offset angle. The thing 
is designed to be a clamp for the string, and works pretty 
well as one. During the expansion phase, the string friction 
against a bridge pin courtesy of maybe a 10° side bearing at 
160 lbs, is somewhat over 14 lbs. You're an engineer, check 
the math. That's with a new bridge pin. As the pin is worn 
flat at the contact point through years of both play, and 
being scrubbed up and down the pin by cyclic bridge 
dimensional changes, the friction level goes up. This results 
in a very high PSI loading of the string at the edge of the 
notch where the pin is, and crushes the wood. Any time the 
bridge is in a dry or drying cycle, the string, though sitting 
quite firmly on the bridge surface in the center, is not 
touching the surface at the notch edge because that surface 
has been crushed below the straight line between bridge/string 
contact, and the capo. This allows the pin to flagpole, making 
the horizontal termination less solid than the vertical, 
producing the apparent effect of two different speaking 
lengths, and making a false beat. This beat goes away when you 
touch the side of the bridge pin with a screwdriver, and 
returns when you remove the screwdriver. All you're doing 
seating these is to temporarily force the string below it's 
natural path where pin friction will hold it in close enough 
contact with the notch edge to keep the pin from flagpoling. 
At best, it might stay quiet until the next dry cycle, where 
it will again be in poor contact with the notch edge.

Attached is a photo of the edge angles produced by this 
process. That's a straight wire held at the notch edge, 
tangent to the groove in the cap. Note that the angle is far 
in excess of anything you'll see as a bearing angle in a 
piano. Note also, that a string passing across that cap at a 
realistic bearing angle will not touch the notch edge at the 
pin. There will be a corresponding pear shaped wear track in 
the bridge pin, narrower at the top, wider at the bottom as 
the yearly rate of crush diminished with the widening string 
contact, and depth of crush. This bridge is incidentally from 
an old Mason & Hamlin A.

So the fact that everyone, including myself, can measure, see, 
and hear a string moving on a bridge pin when it's seated, 
doesn't mean that the string had magically climbed the pins 
and is floating above the cap. There's plenty of evidence to 
the contrary, in spite of the illusion we observe. Again, 
you're an engineer. Look at the photo, make some bridges and 
run some tests of your own, and check this out.

Ron N
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