The energy from the string which doesn't have enough mass to move very much air is transferred to the soundboard which does. So the increased volume of sound is because the soundboard, whose total energy output is less than what the string started with, is more efficient at moving more air even with less energy. It's not really amplified in the same what that, say, an electric guitar is amplified. But the soundboard does make the vibrating string louder, just not amplified. Terminology issue. The vocal cord thing and creating an area in the throat that produces some resonance is something slightly different again. But on the hitch pin thing, if you think that the height of the hitch pin is influencing some kind of plate resonance why don't you try tapping down the hitch pin in question (or the string height off the plate on that particular pin) and see if it changes. Some plates are heavier and/or less prone to resonances than others and it seems that the way a vertical hitch pin (or a group of them) stresses one plate might be different than it stresses another. In the same way that you can make a piece of spruce a more effective "resonator" by bending it slightly the same effect might be possible on a certain type of plate that is stressed or bent by the strings bearing on vertical hitches. There is no question but that a vertical hitch puts a different type of stress on the plate than the normal type of hitch does and the higher the hitch is off the plate, the greater the stress. While I have not had resonance problems with the plates I've installed vertical hitches on (Steinway, MH, Knabe) that is not to say that a resonance might not develop on some type of plate due to the addition of vertical hitches. Or so it seems to me. So it seems like the only thing to do, if you are convinced that is the problem, is to change the stresses. That could be done by changing the plate elevation and then the string height on the vertical hitch to keep the bearing the same or maybe there's another way. Too late in the evening to think about it now though. David Love www.davidlovepianos.com -----Original Message----- From: caut-bounces at ptg.org [mailto:caut-bounces at ptg.org] On Behalf Of Jeff Tanner Sent: Thursday, May 07, 2009 9:41 PM To: caut at ptg.org Subject: Re: [CAUT] Accujust and grunting fish bait ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ron Nossaman" <rnossaman at cox.net> > No, it doesn't. It transduces, at a net loss. The energy output is less > than the input, the difference being absorbed by the system. If there were > such a thing as a free amplifier, you could daisy chain the things and run > the world on a flashlight battery. Look up James Maxwell. > Ron N You knew what I meant. Since I'm not a physicist, I consider this a semantics difference. What I meant by amplify is some device that increases volume of sound. I can do the same thing with my voice. Same energy on the vocal chords, but properly placed in the resonance, the volume and projection are increased. (which would mean a lower energy requirement to produce the same volume?) Jeff
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