Shellac vs. lacquer

David Love davidlovepianos@earthlink.net
Wed, 17 Jul 2002 17:28:16 -0700


Should read "Renner hammers are not without gyrations..."

David Love


----- Original Message -----
From: "David Love" <davidlovepianos@earthlink.net>
To: <pianotech@ptg.org>
Sent: July 17, 2002 5:01 PM
Subject: Re: Shellac vs. lacquer


I've had different responses from different pianists, however, generally the
response to Steinway hammers on Steinway pianos (and some others for that
matter) has been overwhelmingly positive.  There is a difference between NYS
hammers and Renner blues in terms of tone.  I won't argue that one is better
than the other, but they are different.  I have worked with both hammers
extensively (I like Renner blues on many European pianos)and I don't find
that Renner hammers are without "gyrations" to get the proper tone either.
They require a fair amount preneedling in the shoulder, though not as much
as other Renner hammers, and a fair amount of needling in the piano to open
up the tone while keeping the attack at the proper level.  I find Renner
hammers, in fact, to be more physical work.  Perhaps less time, but if so,
not by much.  Renner hammers are a higher density hammer with a different
strike point shape and that makes for a different type of sound than a
Steinway hammer.  I happen to prefer the sound that a Steinway hammer makes
on a Steinway.  You do have to learn how to work with them but I find they
are capable of a greater range of tonal color for whatever reason.  With the
variety of hammers I see on Steinways it's pretty obvious that many do not
share my opinion.

David Love


----- Original Message -----
From: "David M. Porritt" <dm.porritt@verizon.net>
To: <pianotech@ptg.org>
Sent: July 17, 2002 4:13 PM
Subject: Re: Shellac vs. lacquer


This has been an interesting thread.  As a proponent of Renner Blues,
I'm amazed at the gyrations one goes through to make NY S&S hammers
useable.  All the different concoctions from Collodion & ether,
lacquer, plexiglas, sanding sealer, keytops and shellac (have I left
any off?) to make a hammer what it's supposed to be.  I've done it
and it isn't fun.

I find I can get the sound I want -- and more importantly the sound
the pianist wants -- with the Renner Blues doing just a very small
fraction of the work that's been talked about in this thread.  I
realize that all this has to do with our personal preferences and
what we get used to.  I also know there's no right or wrong about
this.  I just prefer hanging Renners and taking an hour or less to
make them what I want.  I'm probably just lazy!

dave

*********** REPLY SEPARATOR  ***********

On 7/17/02 at 3:40 PM David Love wrote:

>Bill:
>
>I am still inclined to opt for the higher density explanation.  When
you
>compare a NY Steinway hammer to a Renner or Abel hammer, it seems
unlikely
>that you would find a different in the stiffness of the individual
fibers
>accounting for their tonal difference.  When inserting a single
needle into
>each hammer it seems that the difference in felt density is evident.
 Abel
>and Renner achieve that difference through the use of higher density
felt
>to
>begin with, perhaps, plus the application of heat during the
manufacturing
>process which shrinks the felt down to a denser mass.  You can see
this
>when
>you needle the hammers and the hammer expands.  You can also achieve
a
>louder or brighter tone on one of these hammers by soaking the
hammer with
>acetone.  Presumably this doesn't stiffen the fibers, but causes
some kind
>of shrinkage which, again, makes the hammer more dense.  Moreover,
you can
>brighten the tone in a NY Steinway hammer by ironing the felt.  It
is hard
>to imagine how this would stiffen the individual fibers.  It seems
more
>likely that it compacts the felt at the crown: more density equals
brighter
>sound.
>
>The fact that certain hardeners "break down" seems more a function
of how
>deeply the hardener penetrates.  If it lies on the surface or crown
of the
>hammer, then as the surface wears away with playing so does the
hardened
>felt.  This process is complicated by the fact that the same playing
that
>wears away the densified felt also packs the felt down underneath.
So
>sometimes a little bit of hardening of the crown is a nice temporary
>measure
>until the hardener is worn through and the natural compacting of the
felt
>takes over.
>
>It seems that what many of us are looking for is a hammer which is
somewhat
>more dense than a NY Steinway hammer and somewhat less dense than a
Renner
>or Abel hammer.  One interesting experiment might be to take a NY
Steinway
>hammer, infuse it with an alcohol and water solution and throw it
into the
>drier for an hour to see if that doesn't brighten it up.  I, for
one, would
>be happy to come up with a way to get a NYS style hammer more dense
without
>lacquer.  Lacquer is tricky and unforgiving in some ways.  I find
that when
>trying to build up the hammer from scratch it is important to select
the
>right solution for the first application.  Since densifying the felt
>usually
>needs to be done at the core of the hammer where the felt is already
the
>most dense, applications of lacquer tend to seal the felt from
further
>penetration by subsequent applications.  You don't get the same
effect by
>multiple applications of weak solution as you do from a single
application
>of the right solution.  The lacquer has a tendency to build up
outside the
>core.  Rather than a graduated density, which I think is desirable,
you can
>end up with a hammer that is hard on the perimeter but not
necessarily at
>the core.  Applying lacquer from the side of the hammer helps in
this
>respect.  On the other side, you can overdo it and apply to heavy a
>solution
>which can glue everything together and rob the hammer of necessary
>resilience.
>
>David Love
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Bill Ballard" <yardbird@pop.vermontel.net>
>To: <pianotech@ptg.org>
>Sent: July 16, 2002 9:21 PM
>Subject: Re: Shellac vs. lacquer
>
>
>As I understand it, reinforcers do three things, one after the other
>depending on the dose. First they coat the fibers to slow them down,
>thus dampening their elasticity. Next they glue adjacent fibers
>together, where these are close enough to have their gap bridged by
>the resin, again hobbling the felt mass's natural elasticity. And
>third, and most disastrous, they fill in the air space within the
>felt mass.
>
>I think David, we have a similar vision of what's happening inside
>the felt mass. I don't think that the density of the hammer changes
>significantly until the dosage has done the first two stages, and is
>turning what used air space into solid resin. That's when the
>compressibility is non-existent. (There is no air space in which the
>compression can occur.) In the first two stages, I don't think the
>amount of solids is enough to affect the density of the felt mass.
>But the flexibility of the felt mass is nevertheless affected.
>Coating the fibers, and gluing them together at point of adjacency
>will definitely stiffen the felt mass, requiring more force to get
it
>to compress.
>
>All this talk of embalming hammers would lead one to wonder why
>anyone would ever want to dope a crown. Well, with NY Steinway
>hammers, unless your pianist likes their piano warm and fuzzy, it's
>inevitable. You can firm up the shoulders all you want, even
>including under the strike point. But the hammer and the string are
a
>pair of springs, and the best sound comes when the reach their
>maximum deformation simultaneously. Power and projection from a NY
>Steinway hammer will not emerge until the strikepoint fibers have
>been stiffened (and their bending under force slowed). And if I'm
>obliged to stiffen, I'd like to stiffening resin to have its own
>elasticity to contribute to the hammer/string event.


_____________________________
David M. Porritt
dporritt@mail.smu.edu
Meadows School of the Arts
Southern Methodist University
Dallas, TX 75275
_____________________________








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