Hi Ron O Ron N uses the formula from The Calculating Technician I believe. In any case I think this gets into the reliability of specs for Youngs Modulus that abound. Which in turn is the root of the thread I started a few days back asking for thoughts on that matter. According to Youngs paper of 1952 the Modulus divided by the density of the string results in a consant (25.5*10^10th). It appears to me that this constant is supposed to be the same regardless of material, which would mean that E is the product of D * this constant. In any case it seems to me that there is some significant amount of confusion surrounding Young Modulus and it perhaps is more important in a practical scaleing sense then we assume. This fits well with your call to empirical testing for breaking strength / %'s Cheers RicB
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